Creation Primer Lesson IV - God starts the clock!

When did "Time " start? When God moved of course!

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Hannibal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca
248–183 or 182 BC
A marble bust, reputedly of Hannibal, originally found at the ancient city-state of Capua in Italy. Some historians doubt the authenticity of the portrait.[1][2][3][4][5]
Allegiance	Carthaginian Empire
Rank	General, commander-in-chief of the Carthaginian armies
Battles/wars	Second Punic War: Battle of Lake Trasimene, Battle of Trebia, Battle of Cannae, Battle of Zama

Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca,^{[n 1]} (248–183 or 182 BC^{[n 2]}), commonly known as Hannibal (in Punic: Annobal,^{[dubious – discuss]} meaning "Ba'al's grace/help/blessing")^{[7][8][9][10]} was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician who is popularly credited as one of the most talented commanders in history. His father Hamilcar Barca was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War, his younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal, and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair.

Hannibal lived during a period of tension in the Mediterranean, when Rome (then the Roman Republic) established its supremacy over other great powers such as Carthage, and the Hellenistic kingdoms of Macedon, Syracuse, and the Seleucid empire. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, when he marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy. In his first few years in Italy, he won three dramatic victories Trebia, Trasimene and Cannae and won over several Roman allies. Hannibal occupied much of Italy for 15 years, however a Roman counter-invasion of North Africa forced Hannibal to return to Carthage, where he was decisively defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama. Scipio studied Hannibal's tactics and brilliantly devised some of his own, and finally defeated Rome's nemesis at Zama having previously driven Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, out of Spain.

After the war Hannibal successfully ran for the office of suffete. He enacted political and financial reforms to enable the payment of the war indemnity imposed by Rome. However, Hannibal's reforms were unpopular with members of the Carthaginian aristocracy and Rome, and he fled into voluntary exile. During his exile, he lived at the Seleucid court, where he acted as military advisor to Antiochus III in his war against Rome. After Antiochus met defeat and was forced to accept Rome's terms, Hannibal fled again, making a stop in Armenia. His flight ended in the court of Bithynia, where he achieved an outstanding naval victory against a fleet from Pergamum. He was afterwards betrayed to the Romans.

Often regarded as the greatest military tactician and strategist in history, Hannibal would later be considered as one of the greatest generals of antiquity, together with Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Scipio, and Pyrrhus of Epirus. Plutarch gives that, when questioned by Scipio as to who was the greatest general, Hannibal is said to have replied either Alexander, Pyrrhus, then himself,^[11] or, according to another version of the event, Pyrrhus, Scipio, then himself.^[12] Military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge once famously called Hannibal the "father of strategy",^[13] because his greatest enemy, Rome, came to adopt elements of his military tactics in its own strategic arsenal. This praise has earned him a strong reputation in the modern world and he was regarded as a "gifted strategist" by men like Napoleon Bonaparte and the Duke of Wellington. His life has been the basis for a number of films and documentaries.

He has been attributed with the famous quotation, "We will either find a way, or make one."^{[dubious – discuss]}

BBC Hannibal:

Born in 247 BC, Hannibal became commander of the Carthaginian forces in Spain, in succession to his father Hamilcar in 221 BC. At the time, Rome and Carthage were moving towards the outbreak of the second of the three so-called Punic wars (264-241 BC, 218-201 BC, and 149-146 BC) through which their conflict over the control of the western Mediterranean was eventually decided.

Hannibal took the war to Rome, and in May 218 BC conquered northern Spain before crossing the Alps in the autumn with 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and, famously, 37 elephants. In Italy he fought a protracted campaign, winning three huge victories over the Roman armies sent against him: at Trebbia in December 218 BC, Late Trasimene in 217 BC (where 15,000 Romans were killed and another 10,000 captured) and, greatest of all, at Cannae in 216 BC.

Here, Hannibal showed the mastery of the combined use of infantry and cavalry for which he was famous to surround and annihilate a huge Roman army. Of perhaps 70,000 Romans, only 14,500 survived to be taken prisoner at the end of the day. It is the greatest number of casualties suffered in a single battle by any western army before or since.

...

The Epistles of Cyprian
Treatise I. On the Unity of the Church.
Treatise II. On the Dress of Virgins.
Treatise III. On the Lapsed.
Treatise IV. On the Lord's Prayer.
Treatise V. An Address to Demetrianus.
Treatise VI. On the Vanity of Idols
Treatise VII. On the Mortality.
Treatise VIII. On Works and Alms.
Treatise IX. On the Advantage of Patience.
Treatise X. On Jealousy and Envy.
Treatise XI. Exhortation to Martyrdom, Addressed to Fortunatus.
Treatise XII. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews.
The Seventh Council of Carthage Under Cyprian.
Cyprian - On the Public Shows.
Cyprian - On the Glory of Martyrdom.
Cyprian - Of the Discipline and Advantage of Chastity.
Cyprian - Exhortation to Repentance.

---

CYPRIAN OF CARTHAGE

Cyprian (c. AD 200-258) was born in Carthage of a wealthy family. He was converted through his reading of the Scriptures and Tertullian's writings. Following his conversion in his late 40s, he gave much of his wealth to the poor. A year later he was elected a presbyter, and the following year (AD 248), he filled the office of bishop of Carthage, after the death of the previous bishop.

When appointed bishop of Carthage, he accepted the honourable title of 'Papa' (i.e. pope or father). The bishop of Alexandria was the first to accept this title. Afterwards, the title was adopted by the bishop of Rome.

For the remaining ten years of his life, Cyprian labored incessantly. It was a stormy period of persecution without, and agitation within, the church. When the Decian persecution came upon the church, Cyprian saw in it God's judgment upon her for her laxity, desire for wealth, fraudulance, false oaths, slander and deceit.

During the persecution, Cyprian fled, but justified his own action by saying that it was not the time for his martyrdom - maintaining that it was biblical to flee from such persecution rather than court martyrdom. While in hiding, he wrote many letters of encouragement to his presbyters and deacons.

When persecution died down, he returned to Carthage and presided over the Council of Carthage in 251 AD, which decided that pardon could only be granted to lapsed Christians after a proper period of penitence.

Two later councils held in 254 and 256 AD, again presided over by Cyprian, dealt with the issue of the validity of heretical baptism, and decided that it was invalid - even though performed in the name of the Trinity. This was opposed by bishop Stephen of Rome and occasioned much controversy. Shortly afterwards, Cyprian was martyred in the Valerian persecution - displaying inflexible courage and faithfulness in his stand as a Christian.

The Young Carthaginian 220 BC

The Young Carthaginian: A Story of the Times of Hannibal

There is more to Hannibal than elephants and the Alps. The struggle between Rome and Carthage was at first a struggle for empire, and afterwards for existence on the part of Carthage. Hannibal defeated the Romans at Trebia, Lake Trasimenus, and Cannae, and all but took Rome. Malchus, Hannibal's cousin, witnesses the political corruption in Carthage at the time of its decline. As political parties fight among themselves for supremacy, young Malchus begins to question the usefulness of fighting for a debased civil government. Mr. Henty's classic work, The Young Carthaginian, will expose readers to the manners, customs, religion, and politics of Carthage and Rome. Within the pages of The Young Carthaginian the importance of Italian geography comes alive and leaves one breathless at Hannibal's feats in overcoming these barriers. Date: 220 B. C. / Location: North Africa / Main Event: Hannibal's Campaigns


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Carthage

PREFACE.

MY DEAR LADS,

When I was a boy at school, if I remember rightly, our sympathies were generally with the Carthaginians as against the Romans. Why they were so, except that one generally sympathizes with the unfortunate, I do not quite know; certainly we had but a hazy idea as to the merits of the struggle and knew but little of its events, for the Latin and Greek authors, which serve as the ordinary textbooks in schools, do not treat of the Punic wars. That it was a struggle for empire at first, and latterly one for existence on the part of Carthage, that Hannibal was a great and skilful general, that he defeated the Romans at Trebia, Lake Trasimenus, and Cannae, and all but took Rome, and that the Romans behaved with bad faith and great cruelty at the capture of Carthage, represents, I think, pretty nearly the sum total of our knowledge.

I am sure I should have liked to know a great deal more about this struggle for the empire of the world, and as I think that most of you would also like to do so, I have chosen this subject for my story. Fortunately there is no lack of authentic material from which to glean the incidents of the struggle. Polybius visited all the passes of the Alps some forty years after the event, and conversed with tribesmen who had witnessed the passage of Hannibal, and there can be no doubt that his descriptions are far more accurate than those of Livy, who wrote somewhat later and had no personal knowledge of the affair. Numbers of books have been written as to the identity of the passes traversed by Hannibal. The whole of these have been discussed and summarized by Mr. W. J. Law, and as it appears to me that his arguments are quite conclusive I have adopted the line which he lays down as that followed by Hannibal.

In regard to the general history of the expedition, and of the manners, customs, religion, and politics of Carthage, I have followed M. Hennebert in his most exhaustive and important work on the subject. I think that when you have read to the end you will perceive that although our sympathies may remain with Hannibal and the Carthaginians, it was nevertheless for the good of the world that Rome was the conqueror in the great struggle for empire. At the time the war began Carthage was already corrupt to the core, and although she might have enslaved many nations she would never have civilized them. Rome gave free institutions to the people she conquered, she subdued but she never enslaved them, but rather strove to plant her civilization among them and to raise them to her own level. Carthage, on the contrary, was from the first a cruel mistress to the people she conquered. Consequently while all the peoples of Italy rallied round Rome in the days of her distress, the tribes subject to Carthage rose in insurrection against her as soon as the presence of a Roman army gave them a hope of escape from their bondage.

Had Carthage conquered Rome in the struggle she could never have extended her power over the known world as Rome afterwards did, but would have fallen to pieces again from the weakness of her institutions and the corruption of her people. Thus then, although we may feel sympathy for the failure and fate of the noble and chivalrous Hannibal himself, we cannot regret that Rome came out conqueror in the strife, and was left free to carry out her great work of civilization.

Yours sincerely,

G. A. Henty

BBC Ancient Egypt Pyramid Challenge

Pyramid Challenge

Journey back four and a half thousand years to Egypt's Old Kingdom, to the Pyramid Age.

As the vizier, or head of state, you are about to undertake the most important project of your career - the building of the king’s pyramid.

To succeed in this task, you must be a good all-rounder. Not only should you be able to motivate your workforce, but you must have good observational skills and the ability to steer a barge up the Nile, avoiding hippos and crocodiles.

Have you got what it takes to be a pyramid builder?

The Cat of Bubastes AD 1250

The Cat of Bubastes:

Enslaved by a conquering army, the young
prince Amuba finds friendship in the house of an Egyptian
high priest, where he acts as a companion to the priest's son
Chebron. The entire household plunges into peril when
Chebron accidentally kills the sacred cat of the great temple
at Bubastes--a riot ensues, and the boys are forced to flee.
Set in 1250 b.c., the time of Moses, this thrilling adventure
story offers an evocative look at the ancient Egyptian world.
Skillfully interwoven in the narrative thread are fascinating,
accurate details about Egyptian religion and geography, the
methods by which the Nile was used for irrigation, and how
the Egyptians made war and were prepared for burial. (The
Cat of Bubastes by GA Henty: J HEN)


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MY DEAR LADS,

Thanks to the care with which the Egyptians depicted
upon the walls of their sepulchres the minutest doings of
their daily life, to the dryness of the climate which has
preserved these records uninjured for so many thousand years,
and to the indefatigable labour of modern investigators, we
know far more of the manners and customs of the Egyptians,
of their methods of work, their sports and amusements, their
public festivals, and domestic life, than we do of those of
peoples comparatively modern. My object in the present
story has been to give you as lively a picture as possible of
that life, drawn from the bulky pages of Sir J. Gardner
Wilkinson and other writers on the same subject. I have
laid the scene in the time of Thotmes III., one of the great
est of the Egyptian monarchs, being surpassed only in glory
and the extent of his conquests by Rameses the Great. It
is certain that Thotmes carried the arms of Egypt to the
shores of the Caspian, and a people named the Rebu, with
fair hair and blue eyes, were among those depicted in the
Egyptian sculptures as being conquered and made tributary.
It is open to discussion whether the Exodus of the Jews
from Egypt took place in the reign of Thotmes or many
years subsequently, some authors assigning it to the time
of Rameses. Without attempting to enter into this much
discussed question, I have assumed that the Israelites were

iv PREFACE.

still in Egypt at the time of Thotmes, and by introducing
Moses just at the time he began to take up the cause of the
people to whom he belonged, I leave it to be inferred that
the Exodus took place some forty years later. I wish you
to understand, however, that you are not to accept this date
as being absolutely correct. Opinions differ widely upon it;
and as no allusion whatever has been discovered either to
the Exodus, or to any of the events which preceded it,
among the records of Egypt, there is nothing to fix the
date as occurring during the reign of any one among the
long line of Egyptian kings. The term Pharaoh used in
the Bible throws no light upon the subject, as Pharaoh
simply means king, and the name of no monarch bearing
that appellation is to be found on the Egyptian monuments.
I have in no way exaggerated the consequences
arising from the slaying of the sacred cat, as the accidental
killing of any cat whatever was an offense punished
by death throughout the history of Egypt down to the time
of the Roman connection with that country.

Yours sincerely,

G. A. HENTY.

• Baby Moses
• The Burning Bush
• The Plagues on Egypt
• Crossing the Red Sea
• The Ten Commandments
• The Tabernacle
• Exploring Canaan
• Crossing Jordan

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/pharaohs/digging.html

Ancient Egypt coloring page 1	Ancient Egypt coloring page 2	Ancient Egypt coloring page 3	Ancient Egypt coloring page 4
Ancient Egypt coloring page 5	Ancient Egypt coloring page 6	Ancient Egypt coloring page 7	Ancient Egypt coloring page 8
Ancient Egypt coloring page 9	Ancient Egypt coloring page 10	Ancient Egypt coloring page 11	Ancient Egypt coloring page 12
Sarcophagus coloring page	Sphinx coloring page

Build a sugar lump pyramid

Mummified fashion doll

Mummy case for fashion doll

Make canopic jars

Creation Primer Lesson III - God has the plan.

Ephesians 1:11
In him we were also chosen, having been predestined according to the plan of him who works out everything in conformity with the purpose of his will,...